Guides & resources
Practical articles on digital evidence and IT expert reports in Spain.
“We've changed our bank account”: spotting invoice fraud by email and what to do if you have already paid
How bank-details-change email fraud works, how to prove where the spoofing happened and which evidence to keep.
Read the guide →ERP and bespoke software projects: what the contract must say so you can claim if things go wrong
The contractual mistakes that recur in failed ERP, CRM and app implementations, and what to document during the project.
Read the guide →When an employee with critical access leaves: how to preserve digital evidence
A checklist for companies when a privileged employee leaves: access, devices, email and cloud logs that expire.
Read the guide →Fake Google reviews: how to prove they are not from real customers
What a business can do about fake negative Google Maps reviews and how technical evidence is gathered to have them removed or claim damages.
Read the guide →Rebuttal IT expert reports: when you need one and what gets reviewed
Why the other party's IT expert report should be reviewed technically and which methodological errors come up most often.
Read the guide →Voice recordings as evidence: proving they are authentic and who is speaking
What a forensic audio report analyses, why a reference voice sample is needed and how to keep recordings so they remain useful.
Read the guide →How to submit WhatsApp messages as evidence in Spanish courts
Screenshots, notarial records or an expert report: what works and what doesn't when submitting WhatsApp conversations as evidence in Spain.
Read the guide →Digital chain of custody: what it is and why it can make or break your evidence
What the chain of custody for digital evidence is, how it is documented with hash functions, and which mistakes can lead a court to reject evidence.
Read the guide →When you need an IT expert witness in Spain and how to choose one
Party-appointed or court-appointed expert, when to commission an IT expert report and what to check before hiring an expert witness in Spain.
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